Energy efficiency in short and wide-area IoT technologies—A survey

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions

Performance analysis of LEACH Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks.

Wireless sensor networks, since the first moment they were developed, emerged as a techonology that was quickly adapted and used for it’s benefits. A Wireless Sensor Network consists of a network of nodes that are used to communicate the information between with each other. Wireless Sensor Networks are considered as one of the key technologies of the 21st century. Sensors are used for important application in different fields like military, bio-medical application, environmental monitoring, weather, seismic detection, smart spaces and process monitoring. The sensor nodes have some constraints due to their limited energy, storage capacity and computing power. Wireless sensor networks have explored to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy is an important issue. This paper analyses the performance of LEACH protocol taking in consideration various specifications. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster base stations (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network. LEACH uses localized coordination to enable scalability for dynamic networks, and incorporates data fusion into the routing protocol to reduce the amount of information that must be transmitted to the base station. LEACH includes distributed cluster formation, local processing to reduce global communication, and randomized rotation of the cluster-heads. Together, these features allow LEACH to achieve the desired properties

Computer Based Technologies in Marine Sciences

—In the last years, there has been an advancement in technology, thus, new tools have become available for the study of marine sciences. Scientists and engineers have worked together to give a plethora of tools to help in marine sciences, either environment monitoring, statistical data or numeric models. We use different tools in marine sciences, such as ArcGIS for display and manipulation of geospatial data, R for statistical analysis, SPSS for statistical data. The addressed question is which one of these tools is the most suitable for use. This paper explores the most commonly used tools, the advantages and drawbacks of using them as well as their prospective challenges

Aplication of virtual reality technology in biology education in Vlora, Albania

Technology is everywhere--entwined in almost every part of our culture. It affects how we live, work, play, and most importantly how we learn. With mobile and other wireless devices like the IoT becoming an increasing requirement across every industry today, it only makes sense that our schools are also effectively deploying technology in the classroom. The impact that technology has had on today’s schools has been quite significant. This widespread adoption of technology has completely changed how teachers teach and students learn. Teachers are learning how to teach with emerging technologies (tablets, iPods, Smart Boards, digital cameras, computers), while students are using advanced technology to shape how they learn. Technology occupies an important place within students’ lives. When they are not in school, just about everything that they do is connected in some way to technology. By integrating technology into the classroom, teachers are changing the way they used to teach (lectures six hours a day). Examples of technology that are relatively simple include overhead projectors and televisions. Then we have the slightly more advanced uses of technology such as lab equipment (microscopes, virtual labs, kits for sequencing DNA etc.). In this study, students investigate how to use technology to deepen and broaden their knowledge, specifically that of biology. Students will learn the importance of scientific research. The method used for acquiring the necessary data is from the use of questionnaires and tests. The study is focused on classes in the private and public schools. During teaching hours, beside the traditional method, were used computers and projectors to better describe various elements of biology. During laboratory hours, with the help of simulators and virtual laboratories, they were able to practice firsthand what was learned during lectures, for example, by using 3-D simulators that are able to simulate elements of biology, students learn more about molecules, ADN, proteins. In the end, the results of the questionnaires form the different classes, those using the simulators and those not using them, were compared, to see which method yielded the better results and benefited more